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Micrograph 569 and full record
- Micrograph no
- 569
- Brief description
- Injection-moulded polystyrene ruler
- Keywords
- alignment, birefringence
, injection moulding , polymer , polystyrene (PS), ruler, sprue, strain - Categories
- Polymer
- System
- Polystyrene (PS)
- Composition
- Not specified
- Standard codes
- Reaction
- Processing
- Polystyrene was injected into a mould via an 'edge gate' at the end of the ruler
- Applications
- Polystyrene is hard and inexpensive and its use is very widespread. CD cases and clear plastic cups are common examples. Domestic appliance casings are also typically made from PS
- Sample preparation
- Technique
- Cross-polarised light microscopy
- Length bar
- 11 mm
- Further information
- The colours in the image are the result of birefringence and relate to the residual strain in the polystyrene. The pattern of strain is indicative of the flow of material during the injection process and it highlights the injection point (known as a 'gate') at the end of the ruler; the molecular alignment is greatest near this point. Towards the edges of the ruler and along its length, the material becomes more relaxed and as the molecular alignment falls, the retardation of light is less. If heated above the glass transition temperature of polystyrene (about 100 deg C), the material will tend to relax, particularly along the centreline, near the gate. This will result in a wrinkled form.
- Contributor
- J A Curran
- Organisation
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge
- Date
- 03/10/02
- Licence for re-use
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
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